Design of mixed-signal integrated circuits for implementing the interfaces between analog and digital signals in CMOS VLSI systems. Fundamental circuit elements such as sample-and-hold circuits, comparators, analog gain blocks and integrators. The design of the constituent circuits for Nyquist-rate and oversampling analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, sampled-data and continuous-time analog filters, and digital decimation and interpolation filters.